London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London Kew Gardens the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925. The city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. The city's metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants, while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population (corresponding to Greater London) was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5% of the UK population. London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times. London's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe. London is the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. It is crowned as the world's largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world. London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transportation. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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